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Space Liability Convention
The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, also known as the Space Liability Convention, is a treaty from 1972 that expands on the liability rules created in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. In 1978, the crash of the nuclear-powered Soviet satellite Cosmos 954 in Canadian territory led to the only claim filed under the Convention.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Energy Resources for Space Missions )〕 Skylab crashed in Western Australia the following year, and while there were no deaths, injuries, or significant damage, the shire of Esperance did fine the Government of the United States $400 for littering as a result of Skylab's crashing to earth over Australia. NASA never paid the debt.〔Taggart, Stewart. "(Australians Take Mir Deorbit Risks in Stride. )" Space.com, 20 March 2001. In 2004, the History Channel documentary "History Rocks" stated, in an episode covering major events of 1979, that this fine has never been paid.〕 The fine was paid in April 2009, when radio show host Scott Barley of Highway Radio raised the funds from his morning show listeners and paid the fine on behalf of NASA.
==Status==
The Liability Convention was concluded and opened for signature in 1972. It entered into force in September 1972. As of 1 January 2013, 89 States have ratified the Liability Convention, 22 have signed but not ratified and three international intergovernmental organizations (the European Space Agency, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization) have declared their acceptance of the rights and obligations provided for in the Agreement.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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